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Pneumothorax

Sukhveen Hospital   →  Pneumothorax

Pneumothorax

OVERVIEW

A pneumothorax occurs when air leaks into the space between the lung and the chest wall (pleural space), causing the lung to collapse partially or completely. This condition can be spontaneous or caused by trauma or medical procedures.

What is a pneumothorax?

A pneumothorax (collapsed lung) happens when there’s air in the space between your chest wall and your lung (pleural space). Air in the pleural space can build up and press against your lung, causing it to partially or fully collapse. Pneumothorax is also called a punctured lung. A pneumothorax can be a medical emergency. Go to the nearest emergency department right away if you think you could have collapsed lung.

Types of Pneumothorax

1. Spontaneous Pneumothorax:

  • Primary: Occurs without any apparent cause, often in tall, young males.
  • Secondary: Develops due to an underlying lung disease, such as COPD or cystic fibrosis.

2. Traumatic Pneumothorax:  Results from an injury to the chest, such as a rib fracture, gunshot wound, or stabbing.

3. Tension Pneumothorax: A severe and life-threatening condition where air enters the pleural space and cannot escape, leading to increased pressure that can compress the lung and shift the mediastinum.

Symptoms

  • Sudden sharp chest pain
  • Shortness of breath
  • Rapid breathing
  • Rapid heart rate
  • Cyanosis (bluish skin) in severe cases

Causes

  • Spontaneous: Rupture of small air sacs (blebs) in the lung.
  • Traumatic: Injury to the chest, such as from a car accident, fall, or medical procedures (e.g., lung biopsy).
  • Medical Procedures: Complications from procedures involving the lungs or chest, such as mechanical ventilation.

What are the Risk Factors for this Condition?

You might be more at risk for a collapsed lung if you:

  • Have a family history of pneumothorax.
  • Are pregnant.
  • Have a tall, thin body type, especially if you were assigned male at birth (AMAB).
  • Have Marfan syndrome.
  • Have endometriosis.

How is Pneumothorax Diagnosed?

Providers usually diagnose a collapsed lung by listening to your lungs and by using imaging. This includes chest X-rays, CT scans (computed tomography scans) or a lung ultrasound. They may also use an arterial blood gas test to measure the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood.

Your healthcare provider will ask about your history of lung disease and perform a physical exam. Some types of pneumothorax, like a tension pneumothorax, are diagnosed based on symptoms.

Prevention

  • Avoid High-Risk Activities: Individuals with a history of pneumothorax should avoid activities like scuba diving, flying, or high-altitude climbing without proper precautions.
  • Quit Smoking: Smoking increases the risk of lung diseases that can lead to pneumothorax. Quitting smoking improves lung health and reduces risk.
  • Manage Underlying Lung Conditions: Regularly monitor and manage chronic lung diseases such as COPD or asthma with the help of a healthcare provider.
  • Use Caution with Medical Procedures: Inform healthcare providers of any previous pneumothorax history before undergoing procedures involving the lungs, like biopsies or mechanical ventilation.
  • Gradual Physical Activity: Gradually increase physical activity levels, especially after a previous pneumothorax or lung surgery, to prevent undue strain on the lungs.
  • Practice Good Respiratory Hygiene: Avoid respiratory infections by practicing good hygiene, such as frequent hand washing and vaccination against flu and pneumonia.
  • Regular Check-ups: Regular visits to a healthcare provider for lung health assessments can help identify potential issues early on.

Why Choose Sukhveen Hospital for Pneumothorax Treatment?

  • Expert Team: Experienced pulmonologists and thoracic surgeons.
  • Advanced Diagnostics: State-of-the-art imaging technology for accurate diagnosis.
  • Personalized Treatment: Tailored plans based on individual health needs.
  • Emergency Care: Immediate attention for severe symptoms.
  • Modern Facilities: Equipped for effective treatments like needle aspiration and chest tube insertion.
  • Multidisciplinary Approach: Collaboration among specialists for comprehensive care.
  • Patient Education: Information on prevention and self-care.
  • Compassionate Environment: Supportive atmosphere for patients and families.
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