OVERVIEW
CTEV, commonly referred to as clubfoot, is a congenital deformity characterized by the inward twisting of one or both feet, causing them to point down and inward. This condition affects the bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments of the foot and ankle. It is present at birth and can vary in severity, requiring early diagnosis and treatment for optimal outcomes.
Types:
- Idiopathic Clubfoot: The most common type with no known cause, often occurring in otherwise healthy infants.
- Postural Clubfoot: A milder form resulting from positioning in the womb, which often resolves on its own.
- Syndromic Clubfoot: Associated with other congenital conditions, requiring more complex treatment.
Symptoms
Causes
Diagnosis of Clubfoot (CTEV)
The diagnosis of clubfoot (congenital talipes equinovarus) typically involves several steps, primarily focusing on physical examination and, if necessary, imaging tests:
- Physical Examination:
- A pediatrician or orthopedic specialist examines the newborn’s feet at birth. The characteristic appearance—twisted inward and downward—usually allows for immediate identification of clubfoot.
- The doctor assesses the range of motion in the affected foot compared to the unaffected foot, looking for deformities and any signs of muscle imbalance.
- Medical History: The clinician may gather information about the family history of clubfoot or other congenital conditions, which can provide context for the diagnosis.
- Imaging Tests:
- X-rays: If the physical examination is inconclusive or further evaluation is needed, X-rays may be performed to assess the bones’ structure and alignment in the foot and ankle.
- Ultrasound: In some cases, particularly if clubfoot is suspected before birth, an ultrasound may be used to visualize the positioning of the feet and legs.
- Follow-Up Evaluations : After the initial diagnosis, ongoing assessments may be conducted to monitor the progression of the condition and the effectiveness of treatment.
